What does the conversion ratio specify?

The conversion ratio specifically indicates the number of shares of common stock that a holder of convertible securities, such as convertible bonds or convertible preferred shares, can receive upon conversion. This ratio is crucial for investors because it helps them understand how much common stock they would obtain if they decided to convert their securities, guiding their investment decisions regarding potential equity ownership and the company's valuation.

The conversion ratio is typically determined at the time the convertible security is issued, reflecting the terms set by the issuer, and it can significantly influence the attractiveness of the convertible security relative to the common stock. If the market price of the common stock rises significantly, holders of convertible securities may find conversion to equity very appealing, as it allows them to participate in the company’s growth.

In contrast, the other options address different aspects of financial instruments but do not pertain to the conversion ratio. The price differential between stocks relates to market valuation. The interest rate of a bond pertains to its yield and not the conversion terms, while the total value of preferred stock deals with its market or par value rather than specifics of conversion into common stock.